You configure vlans per physical port, so in a properly implemented system your attack won’t be possible. When the packet comes to the switch the vlan tag is added to it according to the configuration for the port it was received from.

Or are you talking about mac-vlans?

Depends on you hw. That seems rather poor implementation… I believe my TP switch might handle that, because it rejects traffic to its management interface from mac X from vlan 20 because it sees the same mac in vlan 10… (only vlan 20 is allowed for management)